IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE

Dr Jadeera Cheong Phaik Geak Abdullah (Universiti Malaya, Kulala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Dr Zarizi Ab Rahman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Maicom R. Albuquerque (Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)
Prof. Dr Tadeusz Ambrozy (AWF, Cracow, Poland)
Dr Dusana Augustivicova (UK, Bratislava, Slovakia)
Dr Stefan Balko (U. Usti, Czech Rep.)
Prof. Dr Pavol Bartik (UMB, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia)
Dr hab. Ryszard Bartoszewicz (AWF Wroclaw, Poland)
Dr habil. Dariusz Boguszewski (WUM, Poland)
Dr Dorota Borek-Chudek (WSEI Lublin, Poland)
Dr Ciro Jose Brito (FU Juiz de Fora, Brazil)
Dr Mike Callan (U. Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK)
Dr Michel Calmet (Montpellier, France)
Dr Steven Capener (Seoul WU, Korea)
Dr Helmi Chaabene (U. Potsdam, Germany)
Dr Mazlan Che Soh (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Victor S. Coswig (FU Para, Brazil)
Dr David Curby (UWW & INWR, USA)
Prof. Dr Patitapaban Das (Ravenshow U., Cuttack, India)
Dr Fabricio Boscolo Del Vecchio (Pelotas, Brazil)
Dr Alexandre J. Drigo (U. State Paulista, Brazil)
Dr Lucas Duarte Tavares (FMU, Brazil)
Prof. Dr Zbigniew Dziubinski (AWF Warsaw, Poland)
Dr Ronald Dziwenka (Salisbury U., USA)
Dr Fuat Erdugan (TU, Trakya, Turkiye)
Prof. Dr Gabriel Facal (Aix-Marseille U., France)
Dr Adam Frank (U. Central Arkansas, USA)
Prof. Dr Juan P. Fuentes Garcia (U. Extremadura, Caracas, Spain)
Prof. Dr Dihogo Gama de Matos (UM, Winnipeg, Canada)
Dr C. Gangadharan alias Pinaki Nambiar (India)
Dr Nuno Garrido (Alto Duaro U., Vila Real, Portugal)
Dr Eduardo Gonzalez de la Fuente (UA Barcelona, Spain)
Prof. Dr Hayrettin Gumusdag (Yasgat Bozak U., Turkiye)
Dr Fatemeh Hajiani (Negereh, Iran)
Dr Hosni Hasan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Misoki Iteya (Waseda U., Tokyo, Japan)
Prof. Dr Rudolf Jakhel (Zagreb, Slovenia)
Dr Mohd Nidzam Jawis (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia)
Dr George Jennings (Cardiff MU, UK)
Dr Felipe Jocano Jr. (U. of the Philippines)
Dr John A. Johnson (Keimyung U., South Korea)
Dr Mohsen Kazemi (CMCC, Toronto, Canada)
Dr Monouchehr M. Khorosani (Frankfurt, Germany)
Prof. Dr Georgiy Korobeynikov (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Prof. Dr Jerzy Kosiewicz (Warsaw, Poland)
Dr Krzysztof Kubala (Rzeszow, Poland)
Dr habil. Cezary Kusnierz (Opole, Poland)
Prof. Dr Andrew Lane (U. Wolverhampton, UK)
Prof. Dr Ramon Llopis-Goig (UV, Valencia, Spain)
Dr Lim Boon Hooi (UM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Irena Martinkova (CU, Prague, Czech Rep.)
Dr Leonardo Mataruna-Dos-Santos (TU Munich, Germany)
Dr Siti Jameelah Md Japilus (Perlis Branch, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Bianka Miarka (UF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
Dr Fernando Millan Domingo (U. Valencia, Spain)
Dr Udo Moenig (Youngsan, South Korea)
Dr Ani Mazlina Dewi Mohamed (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Deise L. Montardo (UFAM, Brazil)
Dr Dariusz Mosler (UJD, Czestochowa, Poland)
Dr Jesus Munoz Jimenez (U. Extramadura, Caracas, Spain)
Dr Ali Nadzalan (Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Witold Ostafinski (UPJP2, Cracov, Poland)
Dr Alex Ojeda-Aravena (U. Carlilla – Lan Mancha, Spain)
Dr Mikel Perez-Gutierrez (U. Cantabria, Spain)
Dr habil. Pawel Piepiora (AWF, Wroclaw, Poland)
Prof. Dr Leonid Podrigalo (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
Dr habil. Ryszard Polak (AWF Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland)
Dr Radzliyana Radzuwan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)
Dr Sergio Raimondo (Cassino & Roma, Italy)
Dr Raja Nurul Jannat Raja Hussain (Seremban 3 Branch, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Roberto Ruiz Barquin (Madrid, Spain)
Dr Katarzyna Rutkowska (UMCS, Lublin, Poland)
Prof. Dr Attilio Sacripanti (Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy)
Dr Nadhrayul Wardah Salman (Universiti Malaya, Kulala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Dr Ivan Segedi (Zagreb, Croatia)
Dr Baris Sentuna (Balkisir U., Turkey)
Prof. Dr Ales Sekot (UM Brno, Czech Rep.)
Dr Jamatul Shahidah Shaari (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia)
Dr Shazlin Shaharudin (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia)
Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia)
Dr Jozef Simenko (U. Essex, UK)
Prof. Dr Iryna Skrypchenko (Dniepropetrovsk SU, Ukraine)
Dr Neil Stephens (U. Birmingham, UK)
Dr habil. Katarzyna Sterkowicz (AWF, Cracow, Poland)
Dr Kentaro Tai (Gunma U., Maebashi, Japan)
Dr habil. Maciej Tomczak (AWF, Poznan, Poland)
Dr Wahidah Tumijan (Seremban 3 Branch, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Antonio Vences de Brito (Rio Maior, Portugal)
Dr Michal Vit (MU, Brno, Czech Republic)
Dr Wan Rezawana Wan Daud (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr Jacek Wasik (UJD, Czestochowa, Poland)
Prof. Dr Kurt Weis (Munich, Germany)
Prof. Dr Jong Hoon Yu (North Park University, Chicago, USA)
Dr Lucky Zamzami (Andalas U., Indonesia)
Prof. Dr Erika Zemkova (CU, Bratislava, Slovakia)
Prof. Dr Gudong Zheng (Chongqing, China)

EDITORIAL BOARD:

Prof. Dr Zbigniew Borysiuk (Poland) – Politechnika Opolska (biomechanics, fencing)
Prof. Dr Wojtek Chodzko-Zajko (USA) – University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (kinesiology)
Doc. Dr Milan Duricek (Slovakia) – (tourism and recreation)
Prof. Dr Abel A. Figueiredo (Portugal) – Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (sport sciences, combat sports)
Prof. Dr Emerson Franchini (Brazil) - University of Sao Paulo (sport sciences, combat sports)
Prof. Dr Shaun M. Galloway (UK) – University of Wolverhampton (coaching, psychology)
Prof. Dr Thomas A. Green (USA) – Texas A&M University (cultural anthropology)
Prof. Dr Carlos Gutierrez-Garcia (Spain) – University of Leon (sport sciences, history)
Prof. Dr Ivo Jirasek (Czech Republic) – University of Olomouc (philosophy)
Prof. Dr Jong-Young Lee (South Korea) – Suwon University (cultural anthropology)
Prof. Dr Will Munsters (The Netherlands) – Zuyd University, Maastricht (culturology, tourism)
Prof. Dr Willy Pieter (Malaysia) – NSIM, Kuala Lumpur
Prof. Dr Satoshi Shimizu (Japan) – Tsukuba University (sociology)

SCIENTIFIC / ADVISORY BOARD:

Prof. Dr Magdy Abuzeid (Egypt) – Alexandria University (kinesiology)
Prof. Dr Karl-H. Bette (Germany) – Institute for Sport Science, Technical University Darmstadt (sociology of sport)
Prof. Dr Wojciech Czarny (Poland) – University of Rzeszow (physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Mojca Doupona Topic (Slovenia) – University of Ljubljana (sociology of sport)
Dr Lauren Griffith (USA) – Texas Tech. University (sociology, anthropology)
Dr habil. Sven R. Hooge (Germany) – (cultural anthropology)
Prof. Dr Hannu Itkonen (Finland) – University of Jyvaskyla (sociology of sport)
Prof. Dr Jan Junger (Slovakia) – University of Presov (sport and physical education)
Prof. Dr Keith R. Kernspecht (Bulgaria) – University of Plovdiv & National Sportacademy in Sofia
(sport sciences, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Jerzy Kitowski (Poland) – University of Rzeszow (economics, geography)
Prof. Dr Helmut Kogel (Germany) – University of Ulm (medical sciences, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Marian Kozaczka (Poland) – KUL, Lublin (history, economics)
Prof. Dr Zbigniew Krawczyk (Poland) – Warsaw (sociology, theory of physical culture, tourism)
Prof. Dr Jozef Lipiec (Poland) – Univ. Jagiellonski (philosophy)
Prof. Dr Maciej Luczak (Poland) - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Poznan (history of physical culture)
Doc. Dr Uladzimier Lukievic (Belarus) – State University of Brest (culturology, physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Juliusz Migasiewicz (Poland) – Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Wroclaw (sport sciences)
Prof. Dr Bohdan M. Mytskan (Ukraine) – Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk (biology, physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Chen Ning (China) – China West Normal University, Sichuan (physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Cong Ningli (China) – Chengdu Sport University, Sichuan (physical education)
Dr Vitor Rosa (Portugal) – Nova University, Lisboa (sociology)
Prof. Dr Matthias von Saldern † (Germany) – Univ. Lueneburg (pedagogy, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Taketo Sasaki (Japan) – Fukushima University (biomechanics, physiology, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Hrvoje Sertic (Croatia) – Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb (kinesiology)
Prof. Dr Włodzimierz Starosta (Poland) – Instytut Sportu, Warszawa (kinesiology)
Prof. Dr Andrzej Szyszko-Bohusz † (Poland) – (pedagogy, psychology)
Prof. Dr Craig Webster (Cyprus) – University of Nicosia (sociology, tourism)
Prof. Dr Howard Z. Zeng (USA) – Brooklyn College, City University of New York (sport pedagogy)

BOARD OF EXPERTS:

Prof. Dr Chuchchai Gomaratut (Thailand) – GM of Thai martial arts, University of Bangkok, Bangkok (fighting arts)
Prof. EMAC Roland Habersetzer (France) – 9 dan karatedo, sogo-budo tengu-no michi, soke, Tengu Institute, St. Nabor (history, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Keith R. Kernspecht (Germany) – GM, 10th degree Wing Tsun kung-fu, 8 dan karate, 6th degree escrima (fighting, martial arts)
Prof. Dr James R. Lee-Barron (UK) – 10 dan jujutsu, hanshi, president of IMAS, Lancashire (education, martial arts)
Prof. EMAC Dr Roland J. Maroteaux (France) – 9 dan aiki-jujutsu, hanshi, WTMF, Avignon (philosophy, martial arts)
Prof. EMAC Lothar Sieber (Germany) - 10 dan jujutsu and karate, meijin, IPA & DDBV, Munich (fighting, martial arts)
Dr Zbigniew Sawicki (Poland) - GM of fencing, IPA & Signum Polonicum, Zawiercie (history, hoplology)

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor-in-Chief – Prof. Dr Wojciech J. Cynarski (Poland)

Co-Editor – Prof. Dr Zdenko Reguli (Czech Rep.)
Statistical Editors – Doc. Dr Wojciech Blazejewski, Dr habil. Prof. UR Beata Szluz
Assistant Editor – Mgr Adrian Piorko
Assistant Editor – Mgr Przemyslaw Pawelec
Proofreaders – Mgr Joanna Skowron, Marjolein Thrower (UK)
Project of Cover – Mgr Adrian Piorko and Wojciech Paczek

Journal was founded with a resolution of the Idokan Polska Ass. Headquarters in Rzeszow, May 25, 2000.

Funding bodies: IPA / Idokan Poland Association, with support of IMACSSS

The publication of this volume was co-financed by the Ministry of Education and Science under the agreement No.
RCN/SN/0001/2021/1 // Wydanie tego tomu zostało dofinansowane ze środków MEiN na podstawie umowy nr
RCN/SN/0001/2021/1.

Copyright © 2023 by Committee of Scientific Research,
Stowarzyszenie Idokan Polska®, Poland

Publisher: Stowarzyszenie Idokan Polska / Idokan Poland Association in Rzeszow,
ul. Cicha 2a, PL - 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
(www.idokan.pl; www.imcjournal.com)

Editorial & Publisher
(address for correspondence and submission):
Prof. Dr Wojciech J. Cynarski, Zawale Str. 49A/5, PL - 38–100 Strzyzow, Poland
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Typesetting, pagination and editing: Wojciech Paczek
Printed in Poland, Printing:
”Fabryka Druku Sp. z o.o.”, ul. Zgrupowania AK "Kampinos" 6, 01-943 Warszawa
Albo
”Sowa Druk na życzenie”, ul. Raszynska 13, 05-500 Piaseczno

Edition: 24 copies

old ISSN PL-1730-2064, new p-ISSN 2084-3763; e-ISSN 2082-7571 (priority for references)

Indexed in:
MEiN / Polish Ministry of Education and Science – 100 points (2023)
POL-index
PBN / Polish Scholarly Bibliography
Polish Scientific Journal Datebase
ARIANTA. NAUKOWE I BRANZOWE POLSKIE CZASOPISMA ELEKTRONICZNE
BazHum
CEJSH / The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals
EBSCO / SPORT Discus
Elsevier / SCOPUS / Scimago Journal Rank, Cite Score 2022: 2.0; SNIP: 0.947
ERIH PLUS
Index Copernicus International – ICV 2022 = 121.65
Web of Science / Journal Citations Reports (JCR), 5 year IF: 1.2; IF (2022): 1.0
and Google Scholar