Volume XXI - 2021
"Ido Movement for Culture.
Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology".
Published by Committee of Scientific Research of the Idokan Poland Association®
in Rzeszów in cooperation with University of Rzeszów.
theory of culture, psychophysical culture, cultural tourism, anthropology
of martial arts, combat sports
Japanese term ido refers to movement, philosophy of perpetual movement, the way of martial arts
and medicine of martial arts.
Formerly
SCIENTIFIC YEAR'S ISSUE
IDO - RUCH DLA KULTURY
Movement for Culture
The Lykeion Library Edition, vol. 30, Ido Movement for Culture, vol. 21, no. 1-4
RZESZÓW 2021
Vol. 21, no. 1–4 (2021)
REVIEWERS OF ARTICLES FROM OUTSIDE THE EDITORIAL AND SCIENTIFIC BOARD:
Dr habil. Marek Adam (Gdansk, Poland)
Dr Esteban Aedo (USACH, Chile)
Dr habil. Tadeusz Ambrozy (Cracow, Poland)
Prof. Dr Hamid Arazi (U. Guilan, Iran)
Prof. Dr Pablo Valdes Badilla (UA, Chile)
Dr Stefan Balko (U. Usti, Czech Rep.)
Prof. Dr Pavol Bartik (UMB, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia)
Dr habil. Dariusz Boguszewski (WUM, Poland)
Dr Ciro Jose Brito (FU Juiz de Fora, Brazil)
Dr Michel Calmet (Montpellier, France)
Dr Ibrahim Can (Igdir, Turkey)
Dr Helmi Chaabene (U. Potsdam, Germany)
Dr Carolina Cirino (UNICAMP, Brazil)
Dr Bob Challis (Anglia Ruskin U., UK)
Prof. Dr Victor Coswig (FU Para, Brazil)
Dr Fabricio Boscolo Del Vecchio (Pelotas, Brazil)
Dr Alexandre J. Drigo (U. State Paulista, Brazil)
Dr Ron Dziwenka (Salisbury U., USA )
Prof. Dr Gabriel Facal (Aix-Marseille U., France)
Dr Philip X. Fuchs (Salzburg, Austria)
Dr Nuno Garrido (Alto Duaro U., Vila Real, Portugal)
Prof. Dr Thomas Herrera (USAH, Chile)
Dr Lim Boon Hooi (U. Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Dr John A. Johnson (Keimyung, South Korea)
Prof. Dr Georgiy Korobeynikov (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Dr Artur Krzyżanowski (Lodz, Poland)
Dr Krzysztof Kubala (Rzeszow, Poland)
Dr habil. Cezary Kusnierz (Opole, Poland)
Prof. Dr Giran Kuvacic (Split, Croatia)
Prof. Dr Irena Martinkova (CU, Prague, Czech Rep.)
Dr Guillermo Mendez Rebolledo (Santo Tomas, Chile)
Dr Eduardo Merino (UF of Pelotas, Brazil)
Prof. Dr Bianka Miarka (USP, Brazil)
Dr Martin Minarik (Paderborn U. Germany)
Prof. Dr Vanessa T. Muller (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
Dr Udo Moenig (Youngsan, South Korea)
Prof. Dr Andereas Niehaus (Ghent U., Belgium)
Prof. Dr Fabien Pereira da Silva (U. Estacio de Sa, Brazil)
Dr Mikel Perez-Gutierrez (U. Cantabria, Spain)
Dr Pawel Piepiora (Wroclaw, Poland)
Prof. Dr Emanuela Pierantozzi (U. Genova, Italy)
Prof. Dr Aparecido Pimentel Ferreira (U. Brasilia, Brazil)
Dr Washington Pires (FU Curo Preto, Brazil)
Dr habil. Juliusz Piwowarski (Cracow, Poland)
Prof. Dr Leonid Podrigalo (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
Prof. Dr Maicom Rodrigues Albuquerque (Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)
Prof. Dr Roberto Ruiz Barquin (Madrid, Spain)
Dr Wojciech Rusek (UR, Rzeszow, Poland)
Dr Katarzyna Rutkowska (UMCS, Lublin, Poland)
Prof. Dr Attilio Sacripanti (Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy)
Dr Ivan Segedi (Zagreb, Croatia)
Prof. Dr Ales Sekot (UM Brno, Czech Rep.)
Prof. Dr Hrvoje Sertic (Zagreb, Croatia)
Dr Jozef Simenko (U. Essex, UK)
Prof. Dr Maamer Slimani (Genoa, Italy)
Dr habil. Katarzyna Sterkowicz (Cracow, Poland)
Dr habil. Maciej Tomczak (Poznan, Poland)
Dr Bogdan Ungurean (Iasi, Romania)
Prof. Dr Antonio Vences de Brito (Rio Maior, Portugal)
Dr Michal Vit (Brno, Czech Republic)
Dr habil. Jacek Wasik (UJD, Czestochowa, Poland)
Prof. Dr Jong Hoon Yu (North Park University, Chicago, USA)
Prof. Dr Gudong Zheng (Chongqing, China)
Dr habil. Maria Zowislo (Crakow, Poland)
EDITORIAL BOARD:
Prof. Dr Zbigniew Borysiuk (Poland) – Politechnika Opolska (biomechanics, fencing)
Prof. Dr Wojtek Chodzko-Zajko (USA) – University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (kinesiology)
Doc. Dr Milan Duricek (Slovakia) – (tourism and recreation)
Prof. Dr Abel A. Figueiredo (Portugal) – Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (sport sciences, combat sports)
Prof. Dr Emerson Franchini (Brazil) - University of Sao Paulo (sport sciences, combat sports)
Prof. Dr Shaun M. Galloway (UK) – University of Wolverhampton (coaching, psychology)
Prof. Dr Thomas A. Green (USA) – Texas A&M University (cultural anthropology)
Prof. Dr Carlos Gutierrez-Garcia (Spain) – University of Leon (sport sciences, history)
Prof. Dr Ivo Jirasek (Czech Republic) – University of Olomouc (philosophy)
Prof. Dr Jong-Young Lee (South Korea) – Suwon University (cultural anthropology)
Prof. Dr Will Munsters (The Netherlands) – Zuyd University, Maastricht (culturology, tourism)
Prof. Dr Willy Pieter (Czech Rep.) – Masaryk University of Brno (sport sciences)
Prof. Dr Satoshi Shimizu (Japan) – Tsukuba University (sociology)
SCIENTIFIC / ADVISORY BOARD:
Prof. Dr Magdy Abuzeid (Egypt) – Alexandria University (kinesiology)
Prof. Dr Karl-H. Bette (Germany) – Institute for Sport Science, Technical University Darmstadt (sociology of sport)
Prof. Dr Wojciech Czarny (Poland) – University of Rzeszow (physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Mojca Doupona Topic (Slovenia) – University of Ljubljana (sociology of sport)
Dr Lauren Griffith (USA) – Texas Tech. University (sociology, anthropology)
Dr habil. Sven R. Hooge (Germany) – (cultural anthropology)
Prof. Dr Hannu Itkonen (Finland) – University of Jyvaskyla (sociology of sport)
Prof. Dr Jan Junger (Slovakia) – University of Presov (sport and physical education)
Prof. Dr Keith R. Kernspecht (Bulgaria) – University of Plovdiv & National Sportacademy in Sofia
(sport sciences, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Jerzy Kitowski (Poland) – University of Rzeszow (economics, geography)
Prof. Dr Helmut Kogel (Germany) – University of Ulm (medical sciences, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Marian Kozaczka (Poland) – KUL, Lublin (history, economics)
Prof. Dr Zbigniew Krawczyk (Poland) – Warsaw (sociology, theory of physical culture, tourism)
Prof. Dr Jozef Lipiec (Poland) – Univ. Jagiellonski (philosophy)
Prof. Dr Maciej Luczak (Poland) - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Poznan (history of physical culture)
Doc. Dr Uladzimier Lukievic (Belarus) – State University of Brest (culturology, physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Juliusz Migasiewicz (Poland) – Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Wroclaw (sport sciences)
Prof. Dr Bohdan M. Mytskan (Ukraine) – Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk (biology, physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Chen Ning (China) – China West Normal University, Sichuan (physical culture sciences)
Prof. Dr Cong Ningli (China) – Chengdu Sport University, Sichuan (physical education)
Dr Vitor Rosa (Portugal) – Nova University, Lisboa (sociology)
Prof. Dr Matthias von Saldern (Germany) – Univ. Lueneburg (pedagogy, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Taketo Sasaki (Japan) – Fukushima University (biomechanics, physiology, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Hrvoje Sertic (Croatia) – Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb (kinesiology)
Prof. Dr Włodzimierz Starosta (Poland) – Instytut Sportu, Warszawa (kinesiology)
Prof. Dr Andrzej Szyszko-Bohusz (Poland) – (pedagogy, psychology)
Prof. Dr Craig Webster (Cyprus) – University of Nicosia (sociology, tourism)
Prof. Dr Howard Z. Zeng (USA) – Brooklyn College, City University of New York (sport pedagogy)
BOARD OF EXPERTS:
Prof. Dr Chuchchai Gomaratut (Thailand) – GM of Thai martial arts, University of Bangkok, Bangkok (fighting arts)
Prof. EMAC Roland Habersetzer (France) – 9 dan karatedo, sogo-budo tengu-no michi, soke, Tengu Institute, St. Nabor (history, martial arts)
Prof. Dr Keith R. Kernspecht (Germany) – GM, 10th degree Wing Tsun kung-fu, 8 dan karate, 6th degree escrima (fighting, martial arts)
Prof. Dr James R. Lee-Barron (UK) – 10 dan jujutsu, hanshi, president of IMAS, Lancashire (education, martial arts)
Prof. EMAC Dr Roland J. Maroteaux (France) – 9 dan aiki-jujutsu, hanshi, WTMF, Avignon (philosophy, martial arts)
Prof. EMAC Lothar Sieber (Germany) - 10 dan jujutsu and karate, meijin, IPA & DDBV, Munich (fighting, martial arts)
Prof. EMAC Dr Jan Slopecki (Poland) - 10 dan jujutsu, hanshi, European Martial Arts Committee ex-president, Warsaw (physical culture, martial arts)
Dr Zbigniew Sawicki (Poland) - GM of fencing, IPA & Signum Polonicum, Zawiercie (history, hoplology)
EDITORIAL STAFF
Editor-in-Chief – Prof. Dr Sergio Raimondo (Italy)
Co-Editor – Prof. Dr habil. Wojciech J. Cynarski (Poland)
Co-Editor – Prof. Dr Zdenko Reguli (Czech Rep.)
Statistical Editors – Doc. Dr Wojciech Blazejewski, Dr habil. Prof. UR Beata Szluz
Assistant Editors – Mgr Adrian Piorko, Mgr Przemyslaw Pawelec
Proofreaders – Mgr Joanna Skowron, Marjolein Thrower (UK)
Project of Cover – Mgr Adrian Piorko and Wojciech Paczek
Journal was founded with a resolution of the Idokan Polska
Ass. Headquarters in Rzeszow, May 25, 2000.
Funding bodies:
IMACSSS, IPA / Idokan Poland Association, with support of the University of Rzeszow
Copyright © 2021 by Committee of Scientific Research,
Stowarzyszenie Idokan Polska®, Poland
Publisher: Stowarzyszenie Idōkan Polska /
Idokan Poland Association in Rzeszow,
ul. Cicha 2a, PL - 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
(www.idokan.pl; www.imcjournal.com)
Editorial & Publisher
(address for correspondence and submission):
Prof. Dr habil. Wojciech J. Cynarski,
Zawale Str. 27, PL - 38–100 Strzyżów, Poland
e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Typesetting, pagination and editing: Wojciech Paczek
Printed in Poland, Printing:
Sowa-Druk na Życzenie
www.sowadruk.pl
tel. 022 431 81 40
Edition: 30 copies
old ISSN PL-1730-2064, new p-ISSN 2084-3763; e-ISSN 2082-7571 (priority for references)
Indexed in:
MEiN / Polish Ministry of Education and Science – 70 points (since Dec. 2021)
POL-index
PBN / Polish Scholarly Bibliography
Polish Scientific Journal Datebase
ARIANTA. NAUKOWE I BRANŻOWE POLSKIE CZASOPISMA ELEKTRONICZNE
BazHum
CEJSH / The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals
EBSCO / SPORT Discus
Elsevier / SCOPUS (Scimago Journal Rank, Cite Score: 2.0)
ERIH PLUS
Index Copernicus International – ICV 2020 = 121.66
Web of Science / Journal Citations Reports (JCR), Emerging Sources Citations Index (ESCI)
and Google Scholar