IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE

Characterizing a non-olympic variant of taekwon-do chiefly perceived as a martial art, it is impossible not to mention the sports competition, which has been treated as a specific method of the training since 1955 when it stopped functioning as a contemporary style. Because of the fact that sparring is of the greatest interest as part of taekwon-do its content and quality structure is the subject matter of this research. At the highest sport level the knowledge about training reserves is most valuable. Such knowledge can be acquired through the analysis of sparrings of the best competitors, taking into consideration the following factors: the ability to undertake offensive and defensive actions , the ability to attack, counterattack and performing defence actions without counterattacking and the general dynamics.
The advantage of this method is the opportunity to compare different martial art styles and within the same style the performance of various competitors who take part in competitions of all ranks. The knowledge which refers to the differences between winners and losers and the influence of the sexual dimorphism helps to optimize the process of training and to prepare for the most important events.
The aim of this research was to present the characteristic of the dynamics of sparring in taekwon-do at the master level with taking into consideration the differences between winners and losers and the sexual dimorphism. The material of the research consisted of sparrings of the best competitors which were recorded during the European Championship and the World Championship for seniors. There were 33 sparrings of 66 competitors analysed and all finals of the World Championship. In this study there were two methods used: the direct secondary observation method or the recording of the course of sparring on the record sheet. The second one takes into account variables represented by appropriate indexes: activeness, effectiveness of attacks, counterattacks and defence or the general dynamics of sparring.

Conclusions:

1.Taekwon-do sparring is characterized by the high level of activeness (>85%) which implies the very good preparation of endurance.

2.The high level of endurance does not secure a win.

3.The effectiveness of offensive actions significantly statistically differentiated (p≤0,05%) winners and losers.

4.Winners were marked by successful attacks executed in the 1st and 2nd rounds.

5.The high effectiveness of counterattacks (EK≥50%) characterized winners.

6.Both winning and losing competitors were marked by the high effectiveness of defence actions.

7.Losing competitors constituted the group which was internally diversified.

8.The high effectiveness of performed defence actions and counterattacks ensured a win in subsequent sparrings.

9.Women were marked by the similar distribution of variables which described sparrings, but of lower values.