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Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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Abstract - Method of hand-to-hand combat training by Chinese general Qi Jiguang (XVI century)

It is a historical fact that since the most ancient times in China there was a method of training to the impellent actions, allowing to prepare armies for operations in 3–10 days. The method allowed to prepare an army for military operations in the shortest possible time. It was used by many but the main military-pedagogical idea which had incorporated all previous experiences and the basic principles characteristic for the East was established by one man. Thus, it is necessary to name the technique after general Qi Jiguang (1528–1587), as he is described in “The new collection of instructive examples” (Ji Xiao Xin Shu). The technique of training consists in consecutive performance of 32 movements of hand-to-hand combat, each of which was supposed to be the perception of a quatrian and visualization of a symbol. The movement and the symbol were described in the quatrian.